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MUSIC algorithm estimates the autocorrelation matrix R_x from L independent snapshots via temporal averaging. For an M-element array, the sample covariance matrix constructed from a single snapshot (L = 1) has rank one, which is insufficient for decomposing the observation space into signal and noise subspaces when more than one signal is present. Reliable subspace separation typically requires L >= 2M snapshots. This multi-snapshot requirement introduces latency and limits the applicability

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