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is usually written:

where is the thermal conductivity. However, this law is just a linear approximation, and holds only for the case where , with the thermal conductivity possibly being a function of the thermodynamic state variables, but not their gradients or time rate of change. Assuming that this is the case, Fourier's law may just as well be written:

In the absence of heat flows, Fick's law of diffusion is usually written:

where D

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