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<p>all around the world and knowledge flows in all directions.</p>

<p><big>Government expenditures</big></p>
<p><big>United States</big></p>
<p>Former President <a href="page.php?w=Barack_Obama">Barack Obama</a> requested $147.696&nbsp;billion for research and development in <a href="page.php?w=Fiscal_year">FY</a>2012, 21% of which was destined to fund basic research. According to National Science Foundation in U.S., in 2015, R&D expenditures performed by federal government and local governments are 54 and 0.6&nbsp;billions of dollars. The federal research and development</p><p>
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