1.Previous
3.Next

to as "constant-height mode", the deflection of the cantilever is recorded as a function of the sample x-y position. As long as the tip is in contact with the sample, the deflection then corresponds to surface topography. This method is now less commonly used because the forces between tip and sample are not controlled, which can lead to forces high enough to damage the tip or the sample. It is, however, common practice to record the deflection even when scanning in constant force mode, with feedback. This reveals the small tracking error of

1.Previous
3.Next