million annual deaths.

Burning biomass emits large amounts of pollutants including PM and PM, black and brown carbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide and ozone. The chemical composition of the emitted PM is different for different types of biomass fuels. Less energy dense fuels, such as dung, generate more PM. Dung and wood yield higher organic aerosol emissions, while dung emits more nitrogen content than other biomass fuels.

In the United Kingdom domestic combustion is the largest single source of PM and

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