the former belief originated that the salamander could tolerate fire. Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor (800-814), is also said to have possessed such a tablecloth.

Marco Polo recounts having been shown, in a place he calls Ghinghin talas, "a good vein from which the cloth which we call of salamander, which cannot be burnt if it is thrown into the fire, is made ..."

Industrial era

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