PM annually. In 2019, domestic wood burning in both closed stoves and open fires was responsible for 38% of PM in the UK. Following the introduction of new laws in 2021 that restricted the sale of wet wood and house coal, particulate levels from domestic use decreased. During 2024, domestic wood burning was responsible for 20% of PM and 11% of PM in the UK. During the winter months, the impact of wood burning is higher and can contribute to half of PM concentrations.

Given the health effects of wood smoke,