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for trained cantors; use of the term invested precluded confusion with those they titled rabbi. In 2021, Conservative Judaism's flagship institution, the Jewish Theological Seminary, began using the term ordain with respect to cantors.

Female cantors in non-Orthodox Judaism

In the 21st century, most streams of non-Orthodox Judaism no longer maintain gender distinctions, and therefore women often serve as cantors in these communities.

The earliest known woman hazzan, Julie Rosewald,

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