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and a dead outer layer of rhytidome. This is the case for radial growth caused by the cambium, called secondary growth. In primary growth located at stem tips, however, the secondary phloem and periderm are not grown. Phloem support carbohydrate transport throughout the tree, through a process called translocation. The periderm protects the trunk from mechanical damage and reduces loss of water. Lenticels are small holes in the

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