role, contributing 75% of the total value-added and investment in manufacturing during the 1970s. The remaining 25% of value-added came from small-scale manufacturing.

2000s

The 2000s witnessed a period of substantial economic challenges and transformations for Pakistan. The impact of high public debt gained prominence, contributing to a decline in the growth rate to less than 4% per annum. With an initial upturn in the growth rate, the decade unfolded with persistent macroeconomic crises. Achieving a growth rate of 8.6% in

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