access to the class itself. Only methods that are part of the same class can access private members.
* Protected (or class-protected) allows the class itself and all its subclasses to access the member.
* Public means that any code can access the member by its name.

Although many object-oriented languages support the above access specifiers, their semantics may differ.

Object-oriented design uses the access specifiers in conjunction with careful design of public method implementations to enforce class invariants--constraints

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