that ends with vote by current Convention members. They originated and acquired the "Hugo" nickname during the 1950s and were formally defined as a convention responsibility under the name "Science Fiction Achievement Awards" early in the 1960s. The nickname soon became almost universal and its use legally protected; "Hugo Award(s)" replaced the longer name in all official uses after the 1991 cycle.

In 1960 Gernsback received a special Hugo Award as "The Father of Magazine Science Fiction".

The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame

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