Following this, Mu?awiyah consolidated power, seized the caliphate, and founded the Umayyad dynasty.

Hasan, Husayn, and Karbala

Upon the death of ?Ali, his elder son Hasan assumed leadership of the Muslims of Kufa. After a series of skirmishes between the Kufa Muslims and the army of Muawiyah, Hasan ibn ?Ali agreed to cede the caliphate to Muawiyah and maintain peace among Muslims upon certain conditions:

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