demonstrated. During this period, several letters show of the primacy that the church of Toledo held.

Under the Umayyad emirate of Cordoba, Toledo was the centre of numerous insurrections against the Cordoban government from 761 to 857. Girbib ibn Abdallah, a poet from Toledo, wrote verses against the Umayyads, helping to inspire a revolt in the city against the new emir in 797. By the end of the 8th century, the Umayyads had made Toledo the administrative center of the Central March