continued in use. The decline of Uruk after the Parthians may have been in part caused by a shift in the Euphrates River. By 300 AD, Uruk was mostly abandoned, but a group of Mandaeans settled there, based on some finds of Mandaic incantation bowls, and by it was completely abandoned.

Political history

Uruk played a very important part in the political history of Sumer. From the Early Uruk period onward,

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