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of the hydrogen molecule ion (H₂⁺) is labelled and the next-closest (higher) energy level is labelled .

The wave functions of a particle moving into an external potential, which is centrosymmetric (potential energy invariant with respect to a space inversion, symmetric to the origin), either remain invariable or change signs: these two possible states are called the even state or odd state of the wave functions.

The law of conservation of parity of particles states

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