is generally an emotional offense, and some research supports this, at least concerning sexual offending. One study has found more serious offending by non-psychopathic offenders on average than by offenders with psychopathy (e.g., more homicides versus more armed robbery and property offenses), and another has found that the Affective facet of the PCL-R predicted reduced offense seriousness.

Studies on perpetrators of domestic violence find that abusers have high rates of psychopathy, with the