rocket through the application of Newton's third law of motion: "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction". A gas or working fluid is accelerated out the rear of the rocket engine nozzle, and the rocket is accelerated in the opposite direction. The thrust of a rocket engine nozzle can be defined as:

the term in brackets is known as equivalent velocity,
:

The specific impulse is the ratio of the thrust produced to the weight flow of the propellants. It is a measure

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