The community is composed mainly of Akimel O'odham and Tohono O'odham, as well as some ethnic Hia-Ced O'odham people. According to the 2020 United States Census, the reservation has 1,070 residents. The community comprises more than 1,100 citizens who live on and off the reservation.

The Maricopa Reservation was established by the federal government in 1912, under President William Howard Taft;