speculators buying large quantities of "the oil of Axarafe", and "the wine and oil of Axarafe" are listed among the goods purchased by monopolists to export to the Indies.

19th century literature

In a translation of Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari by 19th century scholar Pascual de Gayangos y Arce, the author claims "much has been said of the land of Asharaf by various authors". The following description of the land of Asharaf is

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