especially in spring. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from -16.9 °C 1 in January to 19.4 °C 1 in July, with the annual mean at 2.78 °C 1 . The annual precipitation is 378 mm, with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 56% in July to 77% in January and February, sunshine is abundant year-round, with 3,036 hours of bright sunshine annually.

The desertification in early 2000s has been largely checked by the effort of reforestation.

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