the east of central Mesopotamia, on Hagmatana Hill (Tappe-ye Hagmatana). Its strategic location and resources probably made it a popular site even before the 1st millennium BC. It is identified with the current city of Hamadan.

History

Median kingdom (678-550 BC)

According to Herodotus, Ecbatana was chosen as the Medes' capital in 678 BC by Deioces,

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