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migrations of Balkan populations in the early first millennium BC, whose traditions blended with local Apulian communities to form a distinct regional identity. The Iapygians spoke Messapic, a Paleo-Balkan language written in Greek-derived alphabets. Their culture, distinct in dress, religion, and burial customs, underwent significant Hellenizing influences from the 6th century BC onward, largely through contacts with nearby Greek colonies such as Taras.

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