Bryan Simms thus conflates indeterminacy with what Cage called chance composition when he claims that "Any part of a musical work is indeterminate if it is chosen by chance, or if its performance is not precisely specified. The former case is called 'indeterminacy of composition'; the latter is called 'indeterminacy of performance'."

History

The earliest significant use of music indeterminacy features is found in many of the compositions of American composer Charles Ives in the early 20th

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