calls, sometimes ending on a high note and sometimes on a low note. The melodies are often beautifully ornamented with the melancholy typical of Nordic folk music. Kulning also includes various lower-pitched calls and sounds that mimic animal sounds or are designed to catch the attention of animals.

Kulning was typically used mostly by women and girls, but also by some men.

Acoustic characteristics

The song has a high-pitched vocal technique, i.e. a loud call using head tones, so that

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