with their ice habitat. The preference for a frozen habitat has been observed in several mammalian, avian and invertebrate species.

Evolutionary and adaptive basis

The dependence and preference for ice and snow is believed to have an evolutionary basis dating back to the last ice age, approximately 2.6 million years ago. In a period where the earth was covered in ice pans, the ancestors of pagophilic mammals developed the ability to hunt on and around ice out of necessity. Some researchers have

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