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as the side-necked turtles and the name Pleurodira quite literally translates to side neck, whereas the Cryptodira are known as hidden-necked turtles. Pleurodiran turtles are currently restricted to the freshwater ecosystems of former Gondwanan landmasses, including in Australia, South America, Arabia, Madagascar and Africa. Within the Pleurodira, three living families are represented: Chelidae, also known as the Austro-South American side-necked turtles, the Pelomedusidae,

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