, Stadtschnellbahn , and Stadtbahn (; not to be confused with the modern Stadtbahn).

The first such network, the Berlin S-Bahn, began operation in December 1930 and inspired similar systems across Europe. The term "S-Bahn" has since become a generic term for hybrid suburban-urban rail networks, with counterparts such as the '''S'''{{Non breaking hyphen}}'''tog''' in Denmark, STrein/TrainS