which were regarded as the only safe places. The rebels briefly allied with the British forces in the concessions after Qing forces attacked the concessions during the Battle of Muddy Flat. The rebellion and society was annihilated in 1855.

Units were organized hierarchically, with leaders commanding small groups of fighters, similar to modern militia squads.

History

The organization was founded in 1850 during the upheavals leading to the Taiping Rebellion,

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