on scriptural inspiration. Although common grace was not the focus of the case, it underpinned Janssen's teachings.

Herman Hoeksema, a young minister, followed the case and identified common grace as its core issue. When the Christian Reformed Synod of 1922 did not reject common grace, Hoeksema anticipated its resurgence. Despite being in the minority, he and Rev. Henry Danhof became prominent figures in the ensuing pamphlet debate.

The controversy intensified, culminating in the Synod

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