and recent estimates for speakers run from 67 to fewer than 40 individuals.

Classification

Tofa is most closely related to the Tuvan language and forms a dialect continuum with it. Tuha and Tsengel Tuvan may be dialects of either Tuvan or Tofa. Tofa shares a number of features with these languages, including the preservation of *d as /d/ (as in hodan "hare" - compare Uzbek quyon) and the development of low tones

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