roots, and a distance from the trunk.

Vigorous upright water sprouts often develop in response to various factors such as physical damage, heavy pruning (or pruning in general), sub-par environmental conditions (drought, overhydration, or improper soil conditions), and in response to pest and/or disease.

The structure of water-sprout regrowth is not as strong as that of the original tree, and the shoots are more subject to diseases and pests. This type of shoot is undesirable on orchard trees because very little fruit is produced

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