that shapes food webs and landscape structures via "top-down" pressures.

Ripple heads the Trophic Cascades Program at Oregon State University, which carries out several research initiatives such as the Aspen Project, the Wolves in Nature Project, and the Range Contractions Project. He has a Ph.D. from Oregon State University

Ripple was the lead author on the "Global Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A second Notice",

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