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planets are considered concrete objects.

Philosophers have proposed several criteria to define this distinction:

# Spatiotemporal existence - Abstract objects exist outside space-time, while concrete objects exist within space-time.
# Causal influence - Concrete objects can cause and be affected by other entities (e.g., a rock breaking a window), whereas abstract objects (e.g., the number 2) lack causal powers and do not cause anything to happen in the physical

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