of such an object. For example, when we think of an apple, we think of its properties: redness, roundness, being a type of fruit, etc. There is nothing above and beyond these properties; the apple is nothing more than the collection of its properties. In particular, there is no substance in which the properties are inherent.

Bundle theory has been contrasted with the ego theory of the self, which views the egoic self as a soul-like substance existing in the same