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During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman Caliphate was formally abolished

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