move oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetal tissue. At birth, the start of breathing and the severance of the umbilical cord prompt various changes that quickly transform fetal circulation into postnatal circulation.

Oxygenation, nutrient, and waste exchange

Placenta

The placenta functions as the exchange site of nutrients and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulation. Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts freely diffuse across

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