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in alphabetical order indicate ring size.

This ring-size nomenclature stems from the fact that hydrolysis of an ?-lactam gives an ?-amino acid and that of a ?-Lactam gives a ?-amino acid, and so on.

Synthesis

General synthetic methods are used for the organic synthesis of lactams.

Beckmann rearrangement

Lactams form by the acid-catalyzed rearrangement

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