can increase vasodilatation and capillary permeability of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

The release of pro-inflammatory mediators is thought to be triggered by the activation of ion channels that are the principal detectors of noxious environmental stimuli. The heat/capsaicin receptor TRPV1 and the wasabi receptor TRPA1. TRPA1 channels stimulated by lipopolysaccharides may also cause acute neurogenic inflammation.

Once released,

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