Pits typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among US cavers, a pit, usually referred to as a 'pitch' in UK English, is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders.

Pit caving

Techniques

Exploration of pit caves ("vertical caving", also called "potholing" in the UK and

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