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for antenna gain.The ERP for VHF/UHF transmitters is normally more than the TPO, for LF/MF transmitters it has nearly the same value, while for VLF transmitters it may be less.

Signal formula

The radio antenna's design focuses the signal, creating gain and increasing the ERP. There is also some negative gain (loss) from the feedline, which reduces the TPO to the antenna due to both

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