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<p>usage taking account of lunar apogee and perigee requires a more elaborate calculation. Also, due to <a href="page.php?w=lunar_libration">lunar libration</a> it is not uncommon to see up to 101% of the full moon  or even up to 5% of the lunar backside.</p>

<p><big>Calculating phase size</big></p>
<p>The phase is equal to the area of the visible lunar sphere that is illuminated by the Sun. This area or degree of illumination is given by , where  is the <a href="page.php?w=elongation_%28astronomy%29">elongation</a> (i.e., the angle between Moon, the observer</p><p>
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