Bornean foam-nesting frogs Leptomantis harrissoni tadpoles receive microbes from both their parents (vertically) and environment (horizontally). Initially they have microbiomes resembling their parents and the exterior of the foam nest, but after one week in the pond tadpoles pick up new microbes from the pond environment.

Imitator dart frog

A Ranitomeya imitator dart frog feeds tadpoles with unfertilized trophic eggs. Anaerobic parabasalian

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