(NOE) couplings between atoms on adjacent helical turns. In some cases, the individual hydrogen bonds can be observed directly as a small scalar coupling in NMR.

There are several lower-resolution methods for assigning general helical structure. The NMR chemical shifts (in particular of the C^?, C^? and C´) and residual dipolar couplings are often characteristic of helices. The far-UV (170-250 nm)