in size and females being 10-12 mm in size. In the hackberry emperor (Asterocampa celtis) females are similarly larger than males. The reason for the sexual dimorphism is due to provision size mass, in which females consume more pollen than males.

In some species, there is evidence of male dimorphism, but it appears to be for distinctions of roles. This is seen in the bee species Macrotera portalis in which there is a small-headed morph, capable