to include health and medicine, and he is referred to as the "patron deity of physicians." In the Vajasaneyi Samhita (21.40), he is described as possessing "a hundred, a thousand remedies," echoing earlier Rgvedic hymns linking him to herbs and healing. His capacity and association with "all comprehensive knowledge" is also found in the Atharvaveda (~1000 BCE).

Varuna resides in celestial waters described as pure, nourishing, and maternal. These waters are identified with Mahatsalilam (the great waters),