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a function ? based on Euler's totient function ?; it will map positive integers to non-negative integers. For an odd prime, p, and a positive integer, k, set ?(p^k) equal to the totient function value, ?(p^k), which in this case is p^k-p^k-1. Do the same for ?(2^k) when k > 1. Set ?(2) and ?(1) to 0. Using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, we

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