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<p>the starting tractive effort is affected by the stall torque of the <a href="page.php?w=torque_converter">torque converter</a>, as well as gearing, wheel diameter and locomotive weight.</p>

<p>The relationship between power and tractive effort was expressed by Hay (1978) as</p>

<p>
: </p>

<p>where<br/>
* t is tractive effort, in <a href="page.php?w=newton_%28unit%29">newton</a>s (N)<br/>
* P is the power in <a href="page.php?w=watt">watt</a>s (W)<br/>
* E is the efficiency, with a suggested value of 0.82 to account for losses between the motor</p><p>
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