Policy Directive 1 authorized the lunar-focused campaign, later named Artemis, drawing upon legacy US programs, including the Orion space capsule, the Lunar Gateway space station, and Commercial Lunar Payload Services, and created the new Human Landing System program. The Space Launch System was expected to serve as the primary launch vehicle for Orion, while commercial launch vehicles were to launch various other elements of the program.

On March 26, 2019, Pence announced that NASA's Moon