and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, and Madani companions. The Hejaz fell under Muhammad's influence as he emerged victorious over his opponents, and was thus a part of his empire.

History before Muhammad in Islamic tradition

Era of Abraham and Ishmael

According to Arab and Islamic sources, the civilization of Mecca started after Ibrahim (Abraham) brought his son Isma?il (Ishmael) and wife Hajar (Hagar) here, for the latter two to stay. The Adnanites

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